Quantum Physics

Wave-particle duality: This principle states that quantum entities, such as photons and electrons, exhibit both particle-like and wave-like behavior. The observed behavior depends on the experimental setup. This is famously demonstrated by the double-slit experiment.
Quantum superposition: A quantum system can exist in multiple states simultaneously until a measurement is performed. Upon measurement, the system collapses into a single definite state. Schrödinger's cat thought experiment is a classic illustration of this concept.
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle: Formulated by Werner Heisenberg, this principle states that it is impossible to simultaneously measure certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, such as position and momentum, with arbitrary precision. There is an intrinsic trade-off in the accuracy of these measurements.
Quantum entanglement: This phenomenon describes a situation where two or more quantum particles become linked in such a way that they share the same fate, regardless of the distance separating them. Measuring a property of one particle instantaneously influences the state of the other(s). This non-local correlation is a crucial aspect of quantum mechanics and a resource for quantum information science.